Dokumentation der Grundlagen Katholischer Schule : Inhaltsanalytischer Untersuchungsraster zu schul- und erziehungsorientierten vatikanischen Verlautbarungen des 20. Jahrhunderts

Katholische Schulen werden gegenwärtig von über 50 Millionen Schülerinnen und Schülern besucht. Das verbindende programmatische Fundament dieser weltweit verbreiteten Bildungseinrichtungen findet sich in teilweise nur schwer zugänglichen kirchlichen Verlautbarungen zu Erziehung und Schule. Hier nun wird ein inhaltsanalytischer Raster veröffentlicht, der es ermöglicht, die vatikanischen 'Schul- und Bildungsdokumente' gezielt unter bestimmten Fragestellungen zu erschließen. Gegenstände der Untersuchung sind die bis in die 60er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts verbindliche Erziehungsenzyklika 'Divini illius magistri' (1929), die Erziehungserklärung 'Gravissimum educationis' (1965) des Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzils sowie vier nachkonziliare Verlautbarungen (1977 bis 1997). Erziehungswissenschaftlich ausgewertet wurde das vorliegende Datenmaterial in der korrespondierenden Publikation 'Rafael Frick: Grundlagen Katholischer Schule im 20. Jahrhundert. Eine Analyse weltkirchlicher Dokumente zu Pädagogik und Schule (Schul- und Unterrichtsforschung; Bd. 2). Baltmannsweiler 2006'

Psychometric Properties of the Clinical Assessment of Prosocial Emotions Version 1.1 (CAPE 1.1) in Young Males Who Were Incarcerated

This research was financially supported by the Centre d'Estudis Jurídics i Formació Especialitzada, Generalitat de Catalunya (DOGC Núm. 7024-23.12.05; DOGC Núm. 7274 - 27/12/16)The Clinical Assessment of Prosocial Emotions: Version 1.1 (CAPE 1.1) uses structured clinical judgments to diagnose the "with limited prosocial emotions" specifier for Conduct Disorder. This study examined (a) the internal consistency and interrater agreement, and (b) the convergent and divergent validity of the CAPE 1.1 in 72 young males who were incarcerated in two Spanish juvenile detention centers (age range = 14-22 years). The CAPE 1.1 showed good interrater agreement for making the diagnosis of the specifier and adequate internal consistency. The CAPE 1.1 was associated with other measures of callous-unemotional traits, but less consistently associated with other dimensions of psychopathy. Youth who met diagnostic criteria for the specifier scored higher on externalizing problems, but did not differ from other youth who were incarcerated on internalizing problems. These results provide preliminary support for the psychometric properties of the CAPE 1.1 for the clinical assessment of the specifier

Class-specific restrictions define primase interactions with DNA template and replicative helicase

Bacterial primase is stimulated by replicative helicase to produce RNA primers that are essential for DNA replication. To identify mechanisms regulating primase activity, we characterized primase initiation specificity and interactions with the replicative helicase for gram-positive Firmicutes (Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Geobacillus) and gram-negative Proteobacteria (Escherichia, Yersinia and Pseudomonas). Contributions of the primase zinc-binding domain, RNA polymerase domain and helicase-binding domain on de novo primer synthesis were determined using mutated, truncated, chimeric and wild-type primases. Key residues in the β4 strand of the primase zinc-binding domain defined class-associated trinucleotide recognition and substitution of these amino acids transferred specificity across classes. A change in template recognition provided functional evidence for interaction in trans between the zinc-binding domain and RNA polymerase domain of two separate primases. Helicase binding to the primase C-terminal helicase-binding domain modulated RNA primer length in a species-specific manner and productive interactions paralleled genetic relatedness. Results demonstrated that primase template specificity is conserved within a bacterial class, whereas the primase–helicase interaction has co-evolved within each species

Social interaction patterns, therapist responsiveness, and outcome in treatments for borderline personality disorder.

Inflexible social interaction patterns are defining features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Specific beliefs about the self and others may be activated across interaction situations, often leading to instable relationships. It may be pivotal to address these difficulties in early treatment phases, through appropriate therapist responsiveness, which means an adaptation of therapist's activity to their client's behaviours using emerging information in the process (Stiles, 2009, Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16, 86). In this process-outcome study, responsiveness is operationalized by the motive-oriented therapeutic relationship (Caspar, 2007, Handbook of psychotherapeutic case formulations, 2nd ed., 251-289, Guilford), based on the Plan analysis case formulation. The present study assesses the interplay between social interaction problems and therapist responsiveness, explaining symptoms at discharge and the therapeutic alliance. In total, N = 50 clients with BPD entered the study, and standard and responsive treatments were compared. Social interaction patterns were assessed by the newly developed Borderline Interaction Patterns Scale (BIPS), applied to recorded material of three sessions per therapy. Outcome was measured by general symptoms (OQ-45), borderline symptoms (BSL-23), interpersonal problems (IIP), and the therapeutic alliance (WAI). Results suggest that in standard treatment, social interaction patterns are neither related to outcome nor the therapeutic alliance. In responsive treatment, more activation of social interaction patterns predicted better outcome on IIP and lower therapist ratings of the alliance. The conclusions seem promising for specific effectiveness of responsive treatments in particular in the interpersonal problem area of BPD. Identifying social interaction patterns early in treatment may be a crucial pathway to change for BPD. Responsive therapy activating social interaction patterns may be crucial for better outcome. Future research should focus on mechanisms of change in early treatment phases for BPD. New scale for assessing social interaction patterns specific to borderline personality disorder

Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): a population-based study of individual data for 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries

Background Global inequalities in access to health care are reflected in differences in cancer survival. The CONCORD programme was designed to assess worldwide differences and trends in population-based cancer survival. In this population-based study, we aimed to estimate survival inequalities globally for several subtypes of childhood leukaemia. Methods Cancer registries participating in CONCORD were asked to submit tumour registrations for all children aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with leukaemia between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2009, and followed up until Dec 31, 2009. Haematological malignancies were defined by morphology codes in the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third revision. We excluded data from registries from which the data were judged to be less reliable, or included only lymphomas, and data from countries in which data for fewer than ten children were available for analysis. We also excluded records because of a missing date of birth, diagnosis, or last known vital status. We estimated 5-year net survival (ie, the probability of surviving at least 5 years after diagnosis, after controlling for deaths from other causes [background mortality]) for children by calendar period of diagnosis (1995-99, 2000-04, and 2005-09), sex, and age at diagnosis (< 1, 1-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years, inclusive) using appropriate life tables. We estimated age-standardised net survival for international comparison of survival trends for precursor-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Findings We analysed data from 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries. During 1995-99, 5-year agestandardised net survival for all lymphoid leukaemias combined ranged from 10.6% (95% CI 3.1-18.2) in the Chinese registries to 86.8% (81.6-92.0) in Austria. International differences in 5-year survival for childhood leukaemia were still large as recently as 2005-09, when age-standardised survival for lymphoid leukaemias ranged from 52.4% (95% CI 42.8-61.9) in Cali, Colombia, to 91.6% (89.5-93.6) in the German registries, and for AML ranged from 33.3% (18.9-47.7) in Bulgaria to 78.2% (72.0-84.3) in German registries. Survival from precursor-cell ALL was very close to that of all lymphoid leukaemias combined, with similar variation. In most countries, survival from AML improved more than survival from ALL between 2000-04 and 2005-09. Survival for each type of leukaemia varied markedly with age: survival was highest for children aged 1-4 and 5-9 years, and lowest for infants (younger than 1 year). There was no systematic difference in survival between boys and girls. Interpretation Global inequalities in survival from childhood leukaemia have narrowed with time but remain very wide for both ALL and AML. These results provide useful information for health policy makers on the effectiveness of health-care systems and for cancer policy makers to reduce inequalities in childhood survival

Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma

Oesophageal cancers are prominent worldwide; however, there are few targeted therapies and survival rates for these cancers remain dismal. Here we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 164 carcinomas of the oesophagus derived from Western and Eastern populations. Beyond known histopathological and epidemiologic distinctions, molecular features differentiated oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas resembled squamous carcinomas of other organs more than they did oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Our analyses identified three molecular subclasses of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but none showed evidence for an aetiological role of human papillomavirus. Squamous cell carcinomas showed frequent genomic amplifications of CCND1 and SOX2 and/or TP63, whereas ERBB2, VEGFA and GATA4 and GATA6 were more commonly amplified in adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal adenocarcinomas strongly resembled the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these cancers could be considered a single disease entity. However, some molecular features, including DNA hypermethylation, occurred disproportionally in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. These data provide a framework to facilitate more rational categorization of these tumours and a foundation for new therapies

Integrated genomic characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

We performed integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling of 150 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) specimens, including samples with characteristic low neoplastic cellularity. Deep whole-exome sequencing revealed recurrent somatic mutations in KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, RNF43, ARID1A, TGFβR2, GNAS, RREB1, and PBRM1. KRAS wild-type tumors harbored alterations in other oncogenic drivers, including GNAS, BRAF, CTNNB1, and additional RAS pathway genes. A subset of tumors harbored multiple KRAS mutations, with some showing evidence of biallelic mutations. Protein profiling identified a favorable prognosis subset with low epithelial-mesenchymal transition and high MTOR pathway scores. Associations of non-coding RNAs with tumor-specific mRNA subtypes were also identified. Our integrated multi-platform analysis reveals a complex molecular landscape of PDAC and provides a roadmap for precision medicine

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch

Übergänge auf Jungenschulen: Schulwahlmotive von Eltern

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit pädagogischen Institutionen, die aufgrund ihrer Organisationsform von vornherein geschlechtlich markiert sind. Die empirische Studie über elterliche Schulwahlmotive bei Jungenschulen zeigt, dass Eltern durchaus auf unterschiedliche Begründungsmuster rekurrieren. Während für einige Eltern wichtig ist, dass die Interessen der Jungen in monoedukativen Institutionen besser berücksichtigt werden, betonen andere, dass sich die Interessenförderung von Jungen in Jungenschulen unabhängig von stereotypen Geschlechterzuschreibungen entfalten kann. Geschlechtertrennung wird von den Jungenschulen in diesem Fall als Entlastung von geschlechtsbezogenen Stereotypen präsentiert. Folglich liegt hier ein Paradox vor: Die Unterscheidung zwischen Jungen und Mädchen wird als Voraussetzung dafür angesehen, dass Schüler von geschlechtlichen Unterscheidungspraktiken entlastet werden. Die empirischen Ergebnisse der Autoren machen darüber hinaus deutlich, dass Geschlechtertrennung in Jungenschulen für Eltern keineswegs das wichtigste Kriterium bei der Schulwahl sein muss. Als ausschlaggebend für die Schulwahl werden vielmehr das Erziehungskonzept der Schule, ihre Atmosphäre sowie eine Erziehungsgemeinschaft zwischen Schule und Elternhaus genannt. Dennoch wird Geschlechtertrennung mit der Gründung von Jungenschulen, so die Autor_innen, dauerhaft institutionalisiert. Die Autor_innen problematisieren deshalb, ob mit der Dramatisierung von Geschlecht etwas zementiert wird, was eigentlich überwunden werden will. (DIPF/Orig.

A resistência mecânica (MOR) em função do tipo de revestimento de cascas cerâmicas

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